Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) was once listed as a prohibited substance under the Narcotics Act. Kratom was then removed from the narcotics list in 2021 and is now regulated under the Kratom Plant Act B.E. 2565 (2022), which allows the trading, use, import, and export of kratom. Furthermore, the Ministry of Public Health has allowed the use of kratom in food and drink, food supplements, and herbal products. Anyone who wishes to launch kratom food or herbal products must first obtain a product license from the Thai Food and Drug Administration (FDA). On September 4, 2024, the Thai FDA announced guidelines specifically for powdered kratom leaves and kratom leaf extracts (using water or ethanol as solvents) as ingredients in food supplements. These guidelines aim to provide business operators with a clear framework for launching kratom-based food products in Thailand. Key points from these guidelines include: Raw material specifications and standards: Powdered kratom leaves and kratom leaf extracts must contain at least the prescribed amount of mitragynine (one of the primary active compounds in kratom) as a marker of quality. For example, mitragynine must account for at least 1% by mass for powdered kratom leaves. Food supplement specification and standards: Food supplements containing powdered kratom leaves or kratom leaf extracts must not have a dosage of over 0.2 mg/day of mitragynine (including 7-hydroxymitraglynine, which may occur naturally), or 1 mg/day for food supplements containing kratom extracts that use water as a solvent. Addition of 7-hydroxymitraglynine to food supplements is prohibited. Mitragynine content in food supplement products must not exceed the specified dosage limit. Additionally, the food supplement product must be in a ready-to-eat form (e.g., liquid, gel, tablet, or capsule). If powdered kratom leaves or kratom leaf extracts are to be used as ingredients in food categories other than food supplements,

The Indonesian food and drug authority, also known as “BPOM,” issued a draft regulation on September 9, 2024, proposing standard labeling disclosing the sugar, salt, and fat content of packaged food products sold in the country. The draft Regulation on Nutritional Value Information on Food Labels to implement Government Regulation No. 28 of 2024 on the Implementation of the Health Law seeks to mandate “Nutri-Level” front-of-pack nutrition labeling to indicate the amount of sugar, salt, and fat at four possible levels, with a modified stoplight-color system: Level “A” (lowest amount) has a dark green background Level “B” has a light green background Level “C” has a yellow background Level “D” (highest amount) has a red background These levels are shown in the following sample image: The requirements for sugar, salt, and fat content for each level are based on amounts per 100 milliliters of ready-to-eat processed food as follows: Further requirements relating to nutrients reflected in the Nutri-Level labeling include: Foods labeled as level A are not allowed to contain natural or artificial sweetening food additives, either through direct addition or carried over from other ingredients. Foods labeled as level B may only contain natural sweetening food additives. Foods labeled as level C or D may use natural and artificial sweetening food additives. “Sugar” includes all monosaccharides and disaccharides, excluding lactose. Processed plain liquid milk and plain milk powder are exempt from the requirement to declare total fat content on the Nutri-Level label. Labeling Implementation The implementation of Nutri-Level labeling must comply with the following requirements: The Nutri-Level label must list all four letters (as shown in the examples below) unless the package meets the criteria for display of a simplified format label. The Nutri-Level of the processed food must be indicated by enlarging the relevant letter, as shown

Addressing technical barriers to trade is a key priority for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as part of trade facilitation in achieving the single market and production base under the ASEAN Economic Community directive agreed in 2015. The region has been undertaking positive steps toward standard harmonization in ASEAN priority sectors, integrating and bringing about regulatory convergence by taking into account the diversities that exist in the ten ASEAN member states. Health supplements in ASEAN are under the responsibility of the Traditional Medicine and Health Supplement Product Working Group (TMHS PWG). One of the TMHS PWG’s outputs is the ASEAN Agreement on a Regulatory Framework for Health Supplements, which includes various technical requirements for health supplements that participating member states must adopt by adjusting their domestic regulations. The key ingredients of these health supplements are vitamins and minerals. While all ASEAN countries allow the use of vitamins and minerals in health supplements, the amounts allowed for use vary, depending on the nutritional requirements deemed appropriate by each country. Partly in response to these efforts for regional harmonization, there have been important changes to vitamin and mineral limits in certain ASEAN countries that are worth monitoring. Some of these are outlined below. Thailand In January 2024, the Thai Food and Drug Administration (TFDA) updated the Thai Recommended Daily Intake (Thai RDI) guidelines for the Thai population. Subsequently, the TFDA adjusted the vitamin and mineral limits in order to comply with the updated Thai RDI and to follow the ASEAN Agreement on a Regulatory Framework for Health Supplements. The TFDA’s adjustment of vitamin and mineral limits for use in food supplements came in Notification of the Ministry of Public Health (No. 448) B.E. 2566 (2023) Re: Food Supplements (No. 5), which was published in the Government Gazette on January